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Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

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  • Terry M.
    Very Frequent User
    • December 1, 2005
    • 185

    Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

    The purpose of this post is to outline my procedure for restoring original fasteners (nuts, bolts, screws, etc.) for your Corvette project. In my opinion, original equipment fasteners are far superior to reproduction pieces. The old stuff is just plain better and, best of all, they are original. A number of photos are attached that show my step by step results and/or methods. The first photo depicts a mixed batch of original bolts, screws and washers, including a nut that goes with the long bolt. The first step is to clean the pieces with a wire wheel (bench grinder). Degrease any parts as needed first. If the nut or bolt heads have any nicks or burrs, you can carefully remove them with a file.

    Make sure to use extreme care when cleaning parts with the wire wheel. They can easily become flying missiles; especially smaller pieces that are hard to hold on to. Photo "A" depicts the fasteners after cleaning with wire wheel. As you can see, the flat and lock washers are not exactly perfect but I will still take them to completion. Some may think the fasteners look good enough to use at this point. But, I do use a couple more steps. The next step is to drop the parts into my favorite cleaner/de-rusting agent - Dr. X (See Photo "B"). This solution will remove remaining rust and also zinc or galvanized coatings. I usually place small pieces in a small cup of solution. The solution will "fizz" up as it works. You can leave the parts in the solution for 10 minutes or so and then check them. If the rust is not gone, drop them back in. For stubborn rust you can use a small stainless steel bristle brush to help loosen it before dropping the parts bac in the Dr. X. Don't worry about leaving the parts in too long - you can't harm the metal. Then remove the parts, rinse them in water and blow dry. Photo "C" depicts the dry parts which will quickly develop a 'flash" rust color. Next, back to the wire wheel to remove any residue and flash rust. Photo "D" depicts the parts following this step. The final step is to toss the parts into a vibratory tumbler with walnut shell media (see photo of Eastwood tumbler). Shake for 30 minutes or so and you're done. Photo "E" shows finished pieces. The finished parts are clean, shiny and ready to be coated with zinc or black phosphate, whatever is correct. DIY kits for these coatings are available from Eastwood and others. Oh, in case you're wondering how to clean the inside surfaces of nuts (threads) and washers, simply use your favorite drill with a rotary brush attachment (see photo of drill with brushes). They come in various sizes (diameters). Use the size that best fits the hole - a bit smaller is better than too big. I use stainless steel brushes for this but you can also get the brushes in brass and plastic. You'll have to decide for yourself whether the fastener quality is satisfactory for your restoration. That said, many original fasteners can be brought back to life using this process.
    Attached Files
  • Tom B.
    Very Frequent User
    • March 1, 1978
    • 720

    #2
    Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

    Looks like you did a pretty good job saving original hardware.

    Comment

    • Ed S.
      Extremely Frequent Poster
      • August 6, 2014
      • 1377

      #3
      Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

      You are off to a great start Terry. I do just about the same steps you do except I give parts a bath in a 50/50 solution of tap water and muriatic acid. That leaves them spotless nut dull. I run the parts over a wire wheel one more time to get them shiny. If you are going to zinc plate the parts you will find that the shinier they are going into the plating tub the better the zinc transfer and ultimate shine of the part. After I do the final wire wheel polishing I wipe parts down with a paper towel and denatured alcohol. I continue to wipe until I get no black residue on the paper towel.
      Ed

      Comment

      • Ed S.
        Extremely Frequent Poster
        • August 6, 2014
        • 1377

        #4
        Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

        I just plated my hood pins - I think they came out pretty good. Springs were sprayed gloss black.
        Attached Files
        Ed

        Comment

        • Joe L.
          Beyond Control Poster
          • February 1, 1988
          • 43219

          #5
          Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

          Originally posted by Ed Szeliga (60294)
          I just plated my hood pins - I think they came out pretty good. Springs were sprayed gloss black.

          Ed------


          The springs were originally phosphate finished. If I were going to paint them I think I'd use a low gloss black or, perhaps, even a flat black. These might be mistaken for phosphate. As they are gloss black, I don't think that will be missed if you plan to have the car judged.
          In Appreciation of John Hinckley

          Comment

          • Joe L.
            Beyond Control Poster
            • February 1, 1988
            • 43219

            #6
            Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

            Terry------


            One thing to keep in mind: the process that you are using is fine for most low strength or non critical fasteners. However, re-finishing in this manner should not be done for high strength, critical fasteners, especially those related to vehicle safety. Acid cleaning treatments, phosphating and/or electro-plating can result in hydrogen embrittlement which can seriously weaken the fasteners. There are heat treatments which can eliminate the hydrogen embrittlement but I'd be reluctant to rely on them as an amateur. For critical, safety-related fasteners I prefer NOS or high quality aftermarket. I agree with you on reproduction fasteners used for high strength, critical, safety-related applications. I'm suspicious of them, too.
            In Appreciation of John Hinckley

            Comment

            • Terry M.
              Very Frequent User
              • December 1, 2005
              • 185

              #7
              Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

              Ed, I used to use muriatic acid and water too, although never as strong as 50/50. It gave good results. That said, if left in too long, the acid can go to work on the metal. Since trying Dr. X, I have not gone back to the acid/water mix. You can reach into the Dr. X with bare hands and, as long as you rinse with water (I do when rinsing parts) it does not seem to affect your skin. I would not reach into a 50/50 of muriatic acid and water. That said, both are good at removing rust. I have made many a part look nearly new again with my process. Thanks for sharing.

              Terry

              Comment

              • Michael G.
                Extremely Frequent Poster
                • November 12, 2008
                • 2157

                #8
                Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                Joe is 100% correct. Acid cleaning fasteners is NEVER a good idea. They look nice, but are likely to fracture as soon as any load is put on them!!!!!!!

                DO NOT DO THIS. This not a place for relying on an amateur opinion.
                Mike




                1965 Black Ext / Silver Int. Coupe, L84 Duntov, French Lick, 2023 - Triple Diamond
                1965 Red Ext / White & Red Int. Conv. - 327/250 AC Regional Top Flight.

                Comment

                • Ed S.
                  Extremely Frequent Poster
                  • August 6, 2014
                  • 1377

                  #9
                  Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                  Joe,
                  Not surprised that you state the springs were originally a phosphate finish. I followed the NCRS Judging Guide - it states. "The spring is painted gloss black". I questioned that too as I don't recall many, if any chassis items were painted "gloss" black. Looking through archive threads I did find a few references / member comments that stated, (right or wrong) that the springs were gloss black.
                  Ed

                  Comment

                  • Dan D.
                    Extremely Frequent Poster
                    • November 5, 2008
                    • 1323

                    #10
                    Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                    I did a similar project 4 years ago, but a little different than Terry's. My hardware collection evolved over 50 years and was out of control, so I decided it was time to fix it. My nuts, bolts and washers were housed in a few small open bins and sorted according to size only. Not length or thread type. All dirty, some were rusty, some had damaged threads, I could never find what I was looking for and it was time to fix it. The first thing I did is fix the threads, using thread restorer taps and dies. You never use cutting taps or dies as these cut away damaged metal and leave the fastener weak. Sears makes (made) a nice kit for this, and I had upwards of 1000 fasteners to do.


                    I needed a fast, efficient way of fixing the threads. I have a lathe and I devised a good way to do it. I chucked the die (tap) in the lathe chuck and put the head of the bolt in the drill chuck and then just jammed the tapered chuck into the tail stock - just hand tight. I then fed the tail stock with the drill chuck and bolt into the die, running the lathe at slow speed. If the fastener jammed, which it often did - real bad threads or mostly by bottoming the threads out, it just released the drill chuck from the tail stock and let it spin. Easy job then to just hand tighten the drill chuck back into the tail stock, reverse the lathe and back it out. This worked out real well - never damaged or broke anything and I could do 5 or 6 fasteners a minute. My drill chuck is 5/8 capacity so I could process fasteners up to 7/16 diameter. If you don't have a lathe then a drill motor with clutch and vise could probably be used.

                    Bolt in Lathe1.jpg

                    The next step was the wire wheel, similar to what Terry did. To save fingers and prevent fasteners from becoming a missile I used a long bolt and doubled nutted it, leaving about 1/2 of the outer nut exposed so I could thread a fastener onto it and then feed it into the wire wheel. The long bolt provided something to hold onto as you rotated it in the wheel. Sorry, I don't have a photo of this.

                    Any remaining rust was cleaned overnight in EvapoRust. Grease/oil was then cleaned by immersing them into a tray of gasoline (well vented area, no combustibles nearby - or use your favorite de-greaser). To prevent rust flashing, I did a second gasoline wash with a few sprays of WD40 in the gasoline. I used WD40 because that formula is a water displacement. Following that rinse I let them air dry on a paper towel. The gasoline evaporates, leaving a slight film of WD40 on the fastener. Four years later they still look good and show almost no flashing. They were then sorted and placed in storage cabinets I bought from Lowes for $18 a piece. I made labels using Avery return address labels purchased from Staples. MicroSoft Word is set up easily format all Avery labels.

                    Nuts&Bolts Cabinet1.jpg

                    Nuts&Bolts Cabinet2.jpg

                    I was going to present this as a presentation for our local chapter meet, but our chapter went out of business first.

                    -Dan-

                    Comment

                    • Terry M.
                      Very Frequent User
                      • December 1, 2005
                      • 185

                      #11
                      Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                      Dan,

                      Dan,

                      Love your organized fastener collection and (I'm sure) shop. You have a great process for restoring threads. Would suggest you might consider a change in order of steps. If you wire wheel and then de-rust, there will be less rust on the threads to deal with which may leave them in better overall condition when you are done. Also, you should use the rotary brush process to clean nut threads before chasing them. Good idea on the double nut process. However, small screws like the ones I show in my original post can't be readily attached to anything and holding them with a vice grips could damage the threads. You just need to be very careful.

                      Comment

                      • John D.
                        Extremely Frequent Poster
                        • December 1, 1979
                        • 5507

                        #12
                        Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                        Nice Job Terry. Avoid using muriatic acid friends. If you insist on doing so use it out doors away from you house and any vehicles. Where a good mask. Muriactic rusts everything in sight. Very bad on your lungs. Your nose, etc.
                        Story: Many years ago I used to clean FI steel parts in that acid before having them plated. Did it outdoors. One day my nose was killing me so I went to my MD brothers office. He said to me. "I don't know what kind of chemicals you are using up there but keep it up and you will get cance.r"
                        Well friends I did get cancer. I have about 100 tiny stitches on the left side of my nose as proof. My brother sent to one of the best plastic docs around.
                        So cut out the muriatic for you own good.
                        Plan B: Wire brush you bolts and hardware. Then have your plater strip them and apply the various finishes. Cad, zinc, phosphate etc. John

                        Comment

                        • Harry H.
                          Expired
                          • July 31, 2006
                          • 57

                          #13
                          Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                          I've been using an electrolysis bath for just about anything rusty, turns out great and no caustic chemicals to deal with. I wonder if it changes hardened fasteners. Also been using vapor blasting but that does take any coating off for sure.

                          Comment

                          • Joe L.
                            Beyond Control Poster
                            • February 1, 1988
                            • 43219

                            #14
                            Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                            Originally posted by Harry Holzke (46102)
                            I've been using an electrolysis bath for just about anything rusty, turns out great and no caustic chemicals to deal with. I wonder if it changes hardened fasteners. Also been using vapor blasting but that does take any coating off for sure.

                            Harry------


                            Any electrolytic process will risk, if not assure, hydrogen embrittlement.
                            In Appreciation of John Hinckley

                            Comment

                            • Harry H.
                              Expired
                              • July 31, 2006
                              • 57

                              #15
                              Re: Bolt/Fastener Restoration at Home

                              Originally posted by Joe Lucia (12484)
                              Harry------


                              Any electrolytic process will risk, if not assure, hydrogen embrittlement.
                              I never even thought about this until this thread. Thanks for the heads up Joe.

                              Comment

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